The effect of affixation processes on Igbo word formation in Enugu
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Background of the study
Affixation, a fundamental morphological process, plays a pivotal role in word formation in Igbo. In Enugu, where Igbo is widely spoken, affixation processes such as prefixation, suffixation, and infixation are integral to expanding the language’s lexicon. This study investigates how these affixation processes influence Igbo word formation, focusing on their contribution to semantic nuance and grammatical function (Nwankwo, 2023). Affixation enables speakers to create new words and express complex ideas by modifying base forms. The study draws on recent linguistic research that underscores the importance of morphological processes in language evolution and cognitive development (Ugochukwu, 2024). In Enugu, traditional and modern influences converge, leading to innovative applications of affixation in everyday communication. This investigation employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze patterns of affixation in spontaneous speech and formal writing. It further explores the sociolinguistic factors that drive changes in affix usage, reflecting broader trends in language contact and evolution (Ekwueme, 2025). By documenting these patterns, the study aims to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of Igbo word formation mechanisms and the dynamic nature of its morphology.
Statement of the problem
Although affixation is a well-known process in Igbo word formation, there is limited research on its specific applications and variations in Enugu. Observations indicate that contemporary usage of affixes may differ from traditional patterns, potentially altering meaning and grammatical structure (Nwankwo, 2023). The lack of detailed empirical data on affixation processes hinders our understanding of how these morphological changes impact overall language development. Furthermore, the influence of modern communication and educational practices on affixation has not been systematically studied (Ugochukwu, 2024). This gap in the literature prevents the formulation of effective language teaching strategies and the preservation of traditional morphological knowledge. Addressing these issues is essential for capturing the evolving nature of Igbo word formation in Enugu (Ekwueme, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
To investigate the role of affixation in Igbo word formation in Enugu.
To analyze variations in affix usage in formal and informal contexts.
To evaluate the impact of modern influences on traditional affixation patterns.
Research questions:
How are affixation processes manifested in Igbo word formation in Enugu?
What differences exist between traditional and modern affix usage?
How do sociolinguistic factors influence affixation patterns?
Research Hypotheses:
Affixation significantly contributes to the expansion of the Igbo lexicon.
There are measurable differences between traditional and contemporary affix usage.
Modern influences affect the application of affixation in Igbo word formation.
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it elucidates the role of affixation in Igbo word formation, offering insights into both traditional practices and modern innovations. The findings will benefit linguists, educators, and cultural preservationists by informing language instruction and policy in Enugu (Nwankwo, 2023; Ekwueme, 2025).
Scope and limitations of the study:
The study is limited to examining the effect of affixation processes on Igbo word formation in Enugu. It focuses solely on morphological aspects and does not extend to syntactic or semantic analyses beyond affixation.
Definitions of terms:
Affixation: The process of adding a morpheme to a word to modify its meaning or function.
Word Formation: The creation of new words through morphological processes.
Igbo: An indigenous language spoken primarily in southeastern Nigeria.
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